Project Support and Credits

Partial support for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation’s Transforming Undergraduate Education in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (TUES) program under Award No. 1043876 and the National Sciences Foundation’s Discovery Research PreK-12 (DRK12) program, Award No. 1620746. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

The sources for the images we used in this website are listed below. If an image is not listed it is believed to be Public Domain.

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Monkey Opsins

Ecology

Evo-Ed Opsin Ecology Intro Image
Adapted from Red Apple by Abhijit Tembhekar under a Creative Commons Attribution License by Evo-Ed
Adapted from Carambola Starfruit by SMasters under a Creative Commons Attribution License by EvoEd

Ripe Peaches
Public Domain

Unripe Peaches
Public Domain

Cell Biology

Cone Cell
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.
Adapted from Cone Cell en by Ivo Kruusamägi under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported by Evo-Ed

3D Opsin Protein
Knierim, B. et al. (2007) PNAS 104: 20290 – 20295

Light Waves – Unknown
Brain – Unknown

2D Opsin Protein
Neitz and Neitz (2000) Arch Ophthalmology 118: 691-700

Cone Cell Stimulation Curve
www.answers.com/topic/photopsin

Molecular Genetics

Chromosomes
Evo-Ed

2D Opsin Protein
Neitz and Neitz (2000) Arch Ophthalmology 118: 691-700

Phylogenetics

Phylogenetic Tree
Evo-Ed

Mouse Fur Color

Index Page

Mouse – Adapted from Michael Wooten
http://wotan.cse.sc.edu/perobase/systematics/p_polion.htm

Ecology

Predation Comparison Between Habitats – Image taken from www.oeb.harvard.edu/faculty/hoekstra/PDFs/Vignieri2010Evol.pdf

All Other Images – Evo-Ed

Cell Biology

All Images – Evo-Ed

Molecular Genetics

All Images – Evo-Ed

Population Genetics

Mice Images Adapted from:
Steiner et al (2009) Molecular Biology and Evolution 26: 35-45

Pea Taste

Index Page

Peas Intro Image
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.
Adapted from Peas in pods – Studio by Bill Ebbesen i under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported by Evo-Ed

Mendel to Molecules

Mendel – Public Domain
Punnett Square – Evo-Ed

Cell Biology

Zooming in from Peas to Cells – Evo-Ed
Biosynthetic Pathway – Evo-Ed

Molecular Genetics

Chromosomes and Peas – Evo-Ed

Population Genetics

Hands of Peas – Adapted from http://www.goodlifefarm.com

Toxin Resistance in Clams

Index Page

Peas Intro Image
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.
Adapted from Mya arenaria by Wikipedia user Malene under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported by Evo-Ed

Ecology

This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.
Adapted from Sae otter on moss landing 1 by Wikipedia user Malene under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported by Evo-Ed

Dinoflagellate
Public Domain

Food Web
Zimmer and Ferrer (2007) The Biological Bulletin 213: 208-213

Cell Biology

Clam
Evo-Ed adapted from unknown source

Neuron
Public Domain

3D Saxitoxin
Public Domain

2D Saxitoxin
Evo-Ed

Action Potential

Neuron
Public Domain

Molecular Genetics

Transmembrane Protein
Evo-Ed

Population Genetics

Clams
Pubic Domain

Maps of Allele Frequencies
Connell, L. et al. (2007) Marine Biology 150: 1227-1236

Lactase Persistence

Revisions to the slide set were kindly provided by Kam Dahlquist.

Revsions to the online text were kindly provided by Nadia Sellami.

Skin Pigmentation

Specialized Cells

Standard introductory human physiology and introductory biology texts.

Marks, M. S. and M. C. Seabra, 2001. The melanosome: membrane dynamics in black and white. Nat Rev Mol Cell Bio 2:738-748.

Wu, X. and J. A. Hammer. 2014. Melanosome transfer: it is best to give and receive.
Current Opinion in Cell Biology 29:1–7

Selection

Jablonski, N. G. and G. Chaplin. 2010. Human skin pigmentation as an adaptation to UV radiation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107, 8962-8968.

Jablonski and Chaplin, 2000 map at http://racialreality.altervista.org/skincolor.html

Juzeniene, A., R. Setlow, A. Porojnicu, A. H. Steindal, and J. Moan. 2009. Development of different human skin colors: a review highlighting photobiological and photobiophysical aspects. J. Photochem. Photobio. B. 96: 93-100.

Osborne, D. L., and R. Hames. 2014. A life history perspective on skin cancer and the evolution of skin pigmentation. Am J Phys Anthropol. 153(1):1-8.

DeLuca, H. F. 2014. History of the discovery of vitamin D and its active metabolites. BoneKEy Reports 3: 479 doi:10.1038/bonekey.2013.213

Genes and Proteins

www.genecards.org

www.uniport.org

Sturm. 2009. Molecular genetics of human pigmentation diversity. Hum Mol Genet. 18, R9–17.

Polygenic Inheritance

Image from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/classical-genetics/variations-on-mendelian-genetics/a/polygenic-inheritance-and-environmental-effects

Population Genetics

https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/genomicresearch/snp

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixation_index

Norton, H. L., R. A. Kittles, E. Parra, P. McKeigue, X. Mao, K. Cheng, V. A. Canfield, D. G.

Bradley, B. McEvoy, and M. D. Shriver. 2007. Genetic evidence for the convergent evolution of light skin in Europeans and East Asians. Mol. Bio. Evol. 24: 710 – 722. This paper is the basis for this discussion.

Cultural Perspective

Kubota, J. T., M. R. Banaji, and E.A. Phelps. 2012. The neuroscience of race. Nature Neuroscience 15(7): 940 – 946.

Templeton, A. R. 2013. Biological races in humans. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 44: 262-271.

Sopolsky, R. M. 2017. Behave: the biology of humans at our best and worst. Penguin Press.